Développement et validation de l’échelle de Leadership en sciences infirmières et de la santé fondé sur les forces
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Résumé
Introduction : Le système de la santé est actuellement confronté à d’importants défis en matière de ressources humaines. Le Leadership en sciences infirmières et de la santé fondé sur les forces (L-ASFF), une approche unique de leadership ancrée dans des valeurs humanistes, représente un grand potentiel pour la création d’environnements de travail sains dans le secteur de la santé.
Objectif : Développer et valider une échelle de mesure du L-ASFF.
Méthodes : Le développement et la validation de l’échelle L-ASFF ont suivi un processus rigoureux comprenant 3 étapes : 1) la génération d’items, 2) le développement de l’échelle et 3) la validité de construit. Pour la validité de construit, un modèle psychométrique quantitatif, avec deux échantillons transversaux, a été utilisé (le premier échantillon en février 2021, n = 194 gestionnaires de soins de la santé nord-américains et le second échantillon en avril 2022, n = 357 travailleurs de la santé canadiens).
Résultats : L’étude a démontré de bonnes propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle (notamment, les alphas de Cronbach varient de 0,73 à 0,96) ainsi que des preuves de validité de construit; les données ont montré une adéquation satisfaisante avec la structure hypothétique à 8 facteurs (χ2 = 747. 43, df = 224, p<.001), ainsi qu’aux versions longue (χ2 = 811.87, df = 252, p <.001) et courte (χ2 = 97.70, df = 20, p <.001). L’échelle prédit le soutien organisationnel (r = .40, p < .01) et la satisfaction au travail (r = .51, p < .01), deux résultats clés, au-delà d’autres approches courantes en leadership.
Discussion et conclusion : L’échelle L-ASFF est solide sur le plan théorique et structurel : les résultats de l’analyse en composantes principales et de l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire sont cohérents avec la théorie du L-ASFF et l’échelle présente une cohérence interne élevée. L’échelle L-ASFF offre une opportunité unique d’explorer le potentiel protecteur du L-ASFF et peut être utilisée à des fins d’évaluation et de formation des leaders dans le secteur de la santé et de leurs organisations.
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