Le rôle de l’attachement dans l’impact perçu du cancer pédiatrique sur la relation conjugale des parents
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Introduction : Le diagnostic de cancer d’un enfant est un événement extrêmement difficile qui nécessite des ajustements chez les parents au niveau individuel, familial et conjugal. À notre connaissance, les facteurs associés à l’ajustement conjugal dans ce contexte demeurent sous-documentés.
Objectifs : Cette étude dyadique (1) a décrit l’impact perçu du cancer pédiatrique sur la relation des parents et (2) a exploré la relation entre les insécurités d’attachement (anxiété et évitement) chez les deux parents et leur perception de l’influence du cancer pédiatrique sur les différentes facettes de leur relation.
Méthode : Cinquante et un couples hétérosexuels dont l’enfant a été traité pour un cancer (que le traitement soit en cours ou terminé) au cours des deux dernières années ont répondu à des questionnaires en ligne.
Résultats : Les analyses acheminatoires basées sur le modèle d’interdépendance acteur-partenaire ont indiqué qu’un niveau plus élevé d’insécurités d’attachement chez les mères et les pères était associé à leur propre perception d’un impact plus négatif du cancer sur leur relation en ce qui concerne la qualité du soutien du partenaire (effet acteur). Étonnamment, un niveau plus élevé d’insécurités d’attachement chez les mères et les pères était également lié à la perception de leur partenaire d’un impact plus positif de la maladie de leur enfant sur le fonctionnement de leur relation (effets partenaires).
Discussion et conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent que les insécurités d’attachement n’ont pas uniquement des effets négatifs. Ainsi, nous proposons que dans des situations extrêmes, comme le cancer pédiatrique (au moins dans les premières années suivant le diagnostic), l’anxiété et l’évitement liés à l’attachement chez les parents pourraient protéger la relation de certaines difficultés.
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