Perceptions infirmières de l’utilisabilité des dossiers de santé électroniques : une revue de la portée
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Résumé
Introduction : Les dossiers de santé électroniques (DSE) sont conçus pour améliorer l’efficacité et la qualité du flux de travail et de la documentation infirmière. L’utilisabilité du DSE fait référence à l’efficacité avec laquelle le système aide les utilisateurs à accomplir leurs tâches professionnelles. Cependant, la compréhension des perceptions infirmières sur l’utilisabilité des DSE en milieu hospitalier est limitée.
Objectif : Examiner les perceptions infirmières concernant l’utilisabilité des DSE dans ces contextes à partir des écrits disponibles.
Méthodes : La méthodologie Arksey et O’Malley (2005) et les étapes du Joana Brigs Institute (Peters et al., 2015) ont guidé cette revue. Les critères d’inclusion de la recherche dans les bases de données PubMed, CINAHL et Scopus étaient les publications en anglais entre le 1er janvier 2013 et le 1er juillet 2024 concernant les infirmières autorisées et les infirmières auxiliaires autorisées en milieu hospitalier en Amérique du Nord, en Europe et en Australie, en utilisant des combinaisons de synonymes pour : infirmières, perceptions et utilisabilité des DSE. Les résultats ont été présentés de manière descriptive et thématique à l’aide d’une analyse narrative.
Résultats : Vingt études ont été incluses. La synthèse narrative a généré cinq thèmes : 1) facilité d’accessibilité de l’information; 2) défis liés au flux de travail infirmier; 3) conception du DSE, problèmes techniques, interopérabilité; 4) impact du DSE sur la relation infirmière-patient et 5) formation des utilisateurs. Les infirmières identifiaient des facteurs ayant un impact positif, comme l’accès en temps réel aux informations sur les patients en un seul endroit, la capacité de visualiser l’évolution de l’état des patients et une meilleure collaboration interprofessionnelle. Cependant, elles avaient des perceptions disproportionnellement négatives de l’utilisabilité des DSE.
Discussion et conclusion : La recherche future devrait permettre d’optimiser la conception des DSE, d’améliorer les stratégies de formation et l’interopérabilité des systèmes, soutenant ainsi le flux de travail infirmier et la qualité des soins aux patients.
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